First and Second order claims from Article about Brain and Memory

First order claims: About the world

1- Discrepancies usually occur because the visual information is incomplete and the brain has to fill in the gaps.

2- Motion after-effects occur after looking at a moving stimulus for several seconds 
our perceptions can be influenced by many factors, even under normal circumstances.

3- How we feel affects what we see.

4- Music affects how we perceive facial expressions. 

5- Our perceptions can be influenced by many factors, even under normal circumstances.

Second order claims: About knowledge

1- Scientific research challenge our  knowledge on psychology  as the research offers how visual working memory can influence our perceptions so that mental images in the mind's eye can alter the way we see things.

2- Two previous studies, published in 2009, question our knowledge on psychology by studying how the contents of visual working memory are represented in a region of the brain devoted to vision, and can be predicted accurately by decoding the activity in that region. 

3- Min Suk Kang and his colleagues at Vanderbilt's Visual Cognition Neuroscience Lab investigation challenges our knowledge on memory as they investigate how information retained in visual working memory can change the appearance of the things we see.

4-Min Suk Kangs investigation questions our knowledge on brain mechanism by suggesting that brain mechanisms are responsible for perception and working memory are closely linked.

5- Scientific research performed several variations of the experiment to rule out other possible explanations involuntary eye movements and visual priming challenges our knowledge on our brain functions as they reached to the conclusion that the contents of working memory can contaminate perceptual processes.